Alpha Arbutin 2% + HA is a concentrated serum with purified Alpha Arbutin and Hyaluronic Acid for hyperpigmented skin by Deciem. Alpha Arbutin visibly improves skin prone to spots and hyper-pigmentation. Alpha Arbutin is much stronger in effect than Arbutin or Beta Arbutin. Alpha Arbutin is extremely sensitive to degradation in the presence of water if the pH of the formulation is not ideal. The pH of this formula is 4.9 which is shown to be the most suitable pH to minimize degradation of Alpha Arbutin. Directions: Apply a few drops of Alpha Arbutin serum to face in the AM and PM as part of your skincare regimen. Use sun protection in the AM. Supercharged with alpha arbutin (a safe skin-lightening ingredient that reduces melanin production), this high-potency, gel-like serum targets the look of hyper-pigmentation and dark spots to reveal more even, younger-looking skin. Also enhanced with hyaluronic acid, the serum delivers its advanced active ingredients deep into skin.